Fig. 6: Electrochemical NO3RR with actual industrial current density coupled with OER Reaction in a two-electrode system.

a, b Scheme and digital photo of the electrolyzer coupling NO3RR with OER. c The LSV curves of overall water splitting systems and NO3RR//OER paired-electrolysis system (scan rate 100 mV s−1 in 1 M KOH with/without 1 M NO3−). d Stability measurement of NO3RR//OER paired-electrolysis system at the industrial current density. e Time-dependent Faradaic efficiency and yield rate of NH3. (AEM flow electrolytic cell separated by a 2 × 2 cm2 Nafion 117 membrane, ambient conditions, 0.1 mg cm−2 catalyst mass loading: on 2 × 2 cm2 TGP-H-090 carbon paper, 200 mL of 1 M KOH + 1 M KNO3, flow rate: 10 mL min−1.) Source data are provided as a Source Data file.