Fig. 3: HOR performance and anti-CO poisoning ability tested on the RDE.

a HOR polarization curves of NiSA-Ru@RuO2 NSs/C, Ru@RuO2 NSs/C and Pt/C in H2-saturated 0.1 M KOH, the resistances of NiSA-Ru@RuO2 NSs/C, Ru@RuO2 NSs/C and Pt/C are 31.4 ± 0.2, 30.8 ± 0.2, and 31.9 ± 0.1 Ω, respectively, b Tafel plots with the Butler−Volmer fitting curves, c Mass activity of NiSA-Ru@RuO2 NSs/C, Ru@RuO2 NSs/C, and Pt/C, HOR polarized curves of (d) NiSA-Ru@RuO2 NSs/C, e Pt/C recorded in the pure H2 (solid line) and H2 with 1000 ppm CO (dot line), f Histogram comparison of different catalysts towards CO poisoning tolerance with recording LSV curves value at 50 mV vs. RHE. g Relative current–time chronoamperometry response of NiSA-Ru@RuO2 NSs/C and Pt/C in H2/1000 ppm CO-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution at 0.1 V vs RHE. These data are obtained with no iR corrected.