Fig. 2: Similarity between epidermal deficiency of Ube2l3△Epi mice and human psoriasis in bulk-RNA and protein levels.

a Principal component (PCA) analysis of epidermal (E) and dermal (D) samples from Ube2l3△Epi mice (U_E, n = 6; U_D, n = 6) and Ctrl mice (C_E, n = 8; C_D, n = 8). b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the epidermis of Ube2l3△Epi mice and Ctrl mice ( | log₂FC | > 1.5; p < 0.05). Red: 1,631 upregulated genes; Green: 592 downregulated genes. c DEGs counts between the dermis of Ube2l3△Epi mice and Ctrl mice was analyzed (Up: 288; Down: 245). d The number of DEGs in all samples of epidermis and dermis of the two groups were compared. e Metascape enrichment of upregulated genes in Ube2l3△Epiepidermis. Color intensity reflects enrichment significance (−log₁₀(P-value)). f Metascape analysis of human up-regulated gene in GSE166388, GSE68937 and GSE68923. Heatmaps of FPKM expression for selected cytokine/chemokine families (IL-1, IL-17, IL-6/IL-23, AMPs, TNF, TLRs, IFNRs) in mouse (g) and human (h) epidermal samples. i Significant protein level of S100A8, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 5, S100A9, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 4, VEGF, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 5, CCL3, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 5, CCL22, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 5, CXCL2, Epi-Ctrl, n = 5, Epi-Ube2l3△Epi, n = 4 in Luminx array analysis in epidermal Ctrl mice (Epi-Ctrl) and Ube2l3△Epi mice (Epi-Ube2l3△Epi). Elisa results of IL-17A in Epi-Ctrl and Epi-Ube2l3△Epi. Epi-Ctrl, n = 3, Epi- Ube2l3△Epi, n = 4. j iTRAQ results of S100A8 and S100A9 in epidermal healthy donor skin (Epi-HD) and psoriasis lesion (Epi-PSO). Epi-HD, n = 15, Epi-PSO, n = 1649. IL-17A, TNFα, Epi-HD, n = 4, Epi-PSO, n = 4, and IL-12/IL-23p40, Epi-HD, n = 3, Epi-PSO, n = 3. Luminx array results in epidermal and dermal of healthy donors (Der-HD) and psoriasis patients (Der-pso) respectively. Der-HD, n = 4, Der-PSO, n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and p-values were calculated using unpaired, two-tail student’s t-test.