Fig. 1: EDH performance of ZrO2-based catalysts.

a Ethane conversion versus time on stream, measured using an on-line GC (Reaction conditions: T = 700 °C, WHSV = 6.09 h-1, C2H6/N2/He = 56/9/35). b Ethane conversion within the first 1, 5, and 10 min on reaction stream measured using an on-line MS (Reaction conditions: T = 700 °C, WHSV = 6.09 h-1, C2H6/Ar/He = 56/9/35 vol%). The error bars represent the standard deviation of five independent measurements. c Dependence of ethylene selectivity on ethane conversion determined at the 5th minute on ethane stream (GC results). Data for ZrO2 and LaZrOx within the first 1 min on ethane stream (MS results) and commercial ethane steam cracking (CESC) technology37 are also shown for comparison. d Assessment of space time yield of ethylene production (STY) over ZrO2 and LaZrOx within the first minute with previously reported non-oxidative and oxidative EDH catalysts. All referenced catalysts and citations are listed in Supplementary Table 1.