Fig. 4: Ionic current spiking characteristics control by chaotrope and kosmotrope.
a Adding kosmotrope of KF into trans elevates the frequency of ionic current spiking (green) than without KF (blue), which is attributed to the more facile electromigration of F− through the pores, due to its smaller ionic radius than Cl-, under Vb = −0.5 V. KI in trans, on the other hand, produces negative Iion spikes. b Spiking frequency fp with the chaotrope and kosmotrope. Blue and red bars denote fp of positive and negative spikes, respectively. c, Logarithmic Ip histogram with (blue) and without KF (skyblue) in trans. d–f Ip versus td scatter plots with KI (d), no KI nor KF (e), and with KF (f) in trans. Pink and skyblue plots indicate positive and negative spikes, respectively. Note that positive spikes are detected with KI (d) due to the presence of Cl− contained in PBS. g A result of adding KI and KF, showing both the characteristic features of larger positive spikes and the negative spiking derived from the F− and I− transport, respectively.
