Fig. 7: Scalability of spiking characteristics.

a A sketch describing multipore in a SiNx membrane with cis and trans filled with 2 M MnCl2 and PBS, respectively. b Ionic current traces under Vb = −0.5 V for 100-nm-sized multipore membranes with the number of pores Npore = 1 (red), 4 (green), 16 (orange), and 36 (blue). False-colored scanning electron micrographs, with white bars denoting 1 μm, show the arrangement of nanopores. c fp plotted against Npore. Gray line is a linear fit crossing zero fp at Npore = 0. d Ip versus td scatter plots for the multipores of Npore = 1 (red) and 36 (blue). e Logarithmic Ip histograms for the multipores of Npore = 1 (red), 4 (green), and 36 (blue). Pink curves are a Gaussian fit to the peak profiles. Dashed line points at Ip of the ionic spikes detected with KF in trans at Vb = −0.5 V.