Abstract
Late endosomal secretion is an unconventional secretion mechanism that depends on the SNARE protein VAMP7. We previously showed that VAMP7 mediates the secretion of the ER protein Reticulon3. However, the functional relevance and molecular mechanism of this secretory pathway remain unclear. Here, we show that VAMP7 knockout cells exhibit impaired secretion of ER- and mitochondrial-derived proteins and signs of ER and mitochondrial stress. In addition, pharmacological induction of organellar stress enhances the VAMP7-dependent secretion. We assess the pathophysiological significance of this mechanism using a preclinical glioblastoma model. VAMP7 knockout glioblastoma cells implanted in male rat brain develop into more necrotic tumors with reduced macrophage infiltration compared to controls, suggesting that VAMP7-dependent late endosomal secretion contributes to the tumor microenvironment and affects macrophage infiltration. Together, our results support a model in which late endosomal secretion functions as an organelle quality-control and stress-communication mechanism, with particular relevance to cancer.
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Data availability
All data associated with this study can be found in the paper, the Supplementary materials, and the Source data file. Research materials are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD057152. The RNA sequencing data have been deposited to the GEO repository with the dataset identifier GSE280209 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE280209. The script for the Sphere plugin has been deposited in Zenodo under the following https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17473585. Source data are provided with this paper.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all members of the Galli team for their assistance and discussions. Work in our group was funded by grants from the French National Research Agency (MetDePaDi ANR-16-CE16-0012, GlioUPS ANR-23-CE16-0035-01), Institut National du Cancer (PLBIO 2018-149), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) Labellisation to TG and postdoctoral fellowship (SPF202110014120) to SV, Fondation de France (grant #00096652), FRM grant (MND202310019903), and Fondation Bettencourt Schueller (Coup d’Elan) to TG. We would like to thank the NeurImag Imaging core Facility team (part of IPNP, Inserm U. 1266 and Université Paris Cité) and member of the national infrastructure France-BioImaging supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-INBS-04) for their technical and scientific support. Our lab is part of the DIM C-BRAINS, funded by the Conseil Régional d’Ile-de-France. NR acknowledges Four Diamonds Research Foundation, FCT 2022.09311.PTDC, 2022.04407.PTDC, FCT ERC-Portugal. This project also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement MIA-Portugal No 857524 and the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Centro - CCDRC through the Centro2020 Programme. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We thank the Leducq establishment for funding the Leica SP8 Confocal/STED 3DX system and Sésame Région Ile-de-France for funding the Zeiss 880 Confocal/Airyscan system. The Seahorse XF analyzer was funded by the DIM Cerveau et Pensée 2015 (Neuroflux) grant to DZ. We thank the BIOSIT H2P2 platform for immunohistochemistry, in particular Gevorg Ghukasyan (https://biosit.univ-rennes1.fr/). Sequencing was performed by the GenomEast platform, a member of the ‘France Génomique’ consortium (ANR-10-INBS-0009). This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR “MOBIDIC” (ANR-23-CE14-0041-02) to C.D. This project was also supported by funds from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM, EQU202403018041 and MAT202211016240), INCa PLBio2020, Olicogcyte Bretagne, INSERM (International Research Project – TUPRIC) to EC. TG and NR received the Mariano Gago Prize from the French Academy of Sciences for the project that led to this publication. We would like to extend special thanks to Sébastien Nola for contributing the IDH1/2 data. Illustrations were created with BioRender.
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T.G. and S.V. designed the study and prepared the original draft of the manuscript. S.V. performed and analyzed most of the experiments. P.D. performed and analyzed mitochondrial and autophagy experiments in NRK cells. Q.L. assisted with the manuscript revision and conducted studies on the impact of glycosylation on CD63 interactions. R.P. performed all the IHC for the tumors. L.T. performed the injections into the rat brains and carried out post-procedure care. J.L. and I.C.G. performed and analyzed the proteomic studies. B.C. assisted in the animal experiments. J.B.M. and D.Z. carried out and analyzed the respirometry studies in RG2 cells. J.W. generated the KOs in the N.R.K.; C.K. analyzed the RNA sequencing data. PB developed a plugin for analyzing CD63 distribution. S.F. and N.D. assisted PD in data analysis. L.D. performed the super-resolution STED imaging. C.D. performed the EM imaging and assisted in the EM data analysis. E.C. performed the human cohort analysis, supervised the animal experiments and their data analysis, and edited the manuscript. N.R. supervised the mitochondrial studies, edited the manuscript, and generated funding. T.G. conceptualized the study, managed the project, supervised the data analysis and writing of the manuscript, and generated funding. All authors reviewed the results and approved the manuscript.
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Vats, S., Dionisio, P., Lemercier, Q. et al. VAMP7-dependent late endosomal secretion of ER and mitochondrial proteins impacts the tumor microenvironment and macrophage engagement. Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69900-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69900-4
