Extended Data Fig. 3: Formation of chloroplast stromules in StTuA/B overexpressing N. benthamiana leaves.
a, Chloroplast stromules (indicated by arrows) formed in leaves of OE-StTuB transgenic N. benthamiana lines. Transgenic N. benthamiana leaves were treated with 10 μM flg22, DMSO, H2O or P. infestans. Fluorescence was detected by confocal microscopy 30 min after flg22 treatment or 48 h after P. infestans infection. Bar = 5 μm. This experiment was repeated independently at least twice with similar results. b, Chloroplast stromules formed after flg22 treatment in N. benthamiana leaves transiently expressing StTuB-GFP or cTP-GFP. GFP fluorescence shows the expression of StTuB-GFP or cTP-GFP, and the merged images contain the fluorescence of GFP, RFP-H2B and chlorophyll. c, Graph shows the percentage of chloroplasts showing stromule formation in StTuB-GFP or cTP-GFP-expressing plants treated with flg22. Bar = 10 μm. Data are presented as mean values +/− SEM with different asterisks refer to significant difference based on unpaired t-test (*** P < 0.001, n = 5 biological replicates). Exact P values are shown in source data with 95% confidence intervals.
