Fig. 1: Overview of analytic design.

Analytical procedure to identify modifiable traits associated with GMV in the UK Biobank. The study comprises four parts: PWAS of total and regional GMVs, joint association of modifiable traits with GMVs and brain disorders, mediation analysis of the roles of modifiable traits in the relationship between PRS for brain disorders and GMVs, and clustering analysis of identified modifiable traits. The four dotted boxes represent the following analytical stages: PWAS (red), joint association analysis (blue), mediation analysis (pink), and cluster analysis (brown). Solid blue rectangles indicate analyzed data, green signifies analysis methods, and yellow denotes study outcomes.