Fig. 1: Overview of global LBMD burden and inequalities among PMW.

A: Schematic representation of the study population, focusing on LBMD in PMW. B: Global distribution of LBMD burden in PMW across 204 countries/territories in 2021, showing variations in the burden by region. C: Comparison of LBMD disease burden proportions between premenopausal women and PMW in terms of deaths, DALYs, YLLs,and YLDs. D: The relationship between economic burden and LBMD in PMW across different global regions. E: Projected future trends in LBMD-related disease burden in PMW, highlighting changes from 1990 to 2045 across different age groups.