Fig. 4: Age-specific burden and temporal changes in LBMD-related outcomes among PMW.

A–D Number of cases (bars, left axis) and rate (lines, right axis) of LBMD-related deaths (A), DALYs (B), YLDs (C), and YLLs (D) across age groups of PMW in 2021. The x-axis represents age groups in 5-year intervals from 55–59 to 95+ years. E–H Percentage change in rates of deaths (E), DALYs (F), YLDs (G), and YLLs (H) from 1990 to 2021 across age groups, showing the differential trends in disease burden over time. The x-axis represents age groups in 5-year intervals from 55–59 to 95+ years.