Fig. 1: Inhibition of mammary gland development in pubertal mice by severing the gut-brain neural communication pathway.

a Schematic diagram of Vago/SS mouse model protocol. The grouping information is as follows: the blank control group (4-week-old pubertal mice) was not subjected to any treatment, the negative control group (4/6-week-old pubertal mice) was exerted with SS, and the experimental group (4/6-week-old pubertal mice) was exerted with Vago (n = 6); (b, d) Changes in body weight of mice during 4 W of rearing, weighed every 2 d; (c, e) Changes in food intake of mice during 4 W of rearing; (f) Representative image of whole mount staining, scale bar: 5 mm; (g) Quantitative schematic representation of MG development in mice; (h, i) Quantification of MG development; (j) Enclosing Radius, Mammary Epithelial Area (MEA), the number of Sholl intersections (Sum inters), Sholl decay coefficients (Sholl decay), and Branching Density; (k) Linear Sholl plots; (l) Sholl analysis bubble map. The mean ± SEM was used for all data presentations. Compared to the SS group, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001.