Fig. 1: Discovery and visualization of three bacteria that attach to the intestinal epithelium of wild Caenorhabditis isolates.

a–c DIC microscopy images of the intestinal lumen (lu) of Caenorhabditis isolates demonstrating bacteria (indicated by brackets) attaching to the intestinal epithelium, denoted by arrows. Images to the right are insets of the dashed boxes seen on the left. a Attaching bacteria in C. briggsae (JU3205) that causes severe anterior distension of the lumen, later identified as Ca. Lumenectis limosiae (LUAb1). Scale bars are 10 μm. b Thin bacteria in C. tropicalis (JU1848), later identified as Ca. Enterosymbion pterelaium (LUAb2). Scale bars are 5 μm. c Wild C. elegans (LUA21) colonized with attaching bacteria forming a comb-like appearance, later identified as Lelliottia jeotgali (LUAb3). Scale bars are 5 μm. d–f FISH using a universal 16S rRNA probe, EUB338 (green) and a species-specific FISH probe designed to the 16S rRNA (red) of either LUAb1, LUAb2, or LUAb3, respectively. Scale bars are 100 μm. Nuclei are stained via DAPI (blue).