Fig. 1: Gut microbes involved in butyrate synthesis were significantly associated with the athletic performance of racehorses.

A Basic information of the assembled MAGs. Phylogenetic tree of MAGs from racehorses and non-racehorses’ gut, generated by PhyloPhlAn. The coloured circles represent MAGs. B The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of taxonomical composition was performed on all samples from racehorses (n = 58) and non-racehorses, including Yili horse (n = 35), Tibetan horse (n = 10), Yunnan pony horse (n = 10) and Akhal-Teke horse (n = 10). C Top 30 differentially abundant MAGs in the racehorse and non-racehorse horse gut. Colours from blue to red represent an increasing abundance of MAGs. D The differences in the abundance of genes encoding key enzymes involved in butyrate synthesis between the racehorse and non-racehorse. The enzymes, which show a significant difference in abundance between racehorses and at least one of four non-racehorse breeds, were labelled in red in the butyrate synthesis pathway.