Table 3 Role of efflux pumps in drug–microbiome interactions
From: Vaginal pharmacomicrobiomics modulates risk of persistent and recurrent bacterial vaginosis
Action | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|
Antibiotic resistance | Active expulsion of multiple classes of antibiotics from bacterial cells | |
Virulence factor secretion | Export virulence factors, including adhesins, toxins, and other proteins crucial for the colonization of host cells | |
Biofilm formation | Essential for persistent infections | |
Quorum sensing | Modulates the intracellular concentration of quorum-sensing signals | |
Bacterial survival and host adaptation | Exports toxic environmental compounds encountered within the host and maintains cellular homeostasis |
