Fig. 2: Prevotella copri attenuates H9N2 infection in mice.
From: Gut microbiota-derived isovaleric acid ameliorates influenza virus infection via gut-lung axis
a The P. copri protection model was established, with mice receiving daily oral administration of 108 CFU P. copri from day -8 to day -1 before H9N2 infection; control groups received PBS. PRE + H9N2, n = 8; H9N2, n = 8; PRE, n = 8; NC, n = 8. b Survival rates across different groups following H9N2 infection. c Body weight loss percentage in different groups post-H9N2 infection. d Viral load quantification in lung tissue by TCID50 assay using MDCK cells. e IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in serum and lung tissue; n = 3/group. f Relative mRNA expression of ZO-1 and occludin in lung tissue; n = 3/group. g Comparison of histopathological changes; images taken at 100× and 200× magnifications. h Histopathological scoring of lung tissues; n = 3/group. i Immunofluorescence analysis of lung tissue using H9N2-NA-FITC and DAPI; images taken at 200× and 400× magnifications. j Analysis of mean fluorescence intensity of H9N2-NA; n = 3/group. Samples for (d–j) were collected on day 6 after H9N2 infection. The data in (b–j) are representative of three independent experiments, yielding an identical pattern of results. Results are shown as means ± SD, with statistical significance determined by t tests for two groups and one-way ANOVA for four groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001.
