Fig. 4: In vitro analysis of MMP9 protein expression in response to live, BFS, and bEV M. mulieris (MM) exposures. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 4: In vitro analysis of MMP9 protein expression in response to live, BFS, and bEV M. mulieris (MM) exposures.

From: Mobiluncus mulieris alters the transcriptomic profile of cervicovaginal epithelial cells, shedding light on molecular drivers of adverse reproductive outcomes

Fig. 4

MMP9 protein levels were measured in the culture media of VK2 cells exposed to a live, b BFS, and c bEV M. mulieris exposures, with and without the addition of hTLR2 and/or hTLR5 inhibitors (denoted as TLR2i and TLR5i). One-way ANOVA was used to compare MMP9 concentrations between groups. For statistically significant results (p < 0.05), post-hoc tests were applied. d MMP9 protein levels measured in the culture media of THP1 wild-type cells in response to d live, e bEV, and f BFS M. mulieris exposures. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare MMP9 concentrations between control and M. mulieris exposures. g MMP9 protein levels measured in the culture media of THP1 wild type and THP-TLR2KO exposed to g live and h bEV. mulieris exposures. White bars represent the results from THP1 cells, and black bars represent the results from THP1-TLR2KO cells. Bar plots represent the mean, the error bars for the standard deviation, and the dots represent the technical replicate (n = 3). Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess the impact of TLR2 knockout. The statistical significance was denoted by “*” (p < 0.05), “**” (p < 0.01), and “***” (p < 0.001).

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