Fig. 1: The gut microbiota structure enables the stratification of the ASV dataset into four different clusters.

A Ward’s hierarchical clustering founded on Spearman correlation coefficients of the relative abundance of ASVs, filtered for occurrence in at least 20% of the individuals (n = 129). Labeled groups in the top cluster tree are highlighted by squares colored according to the microbe configuration (C1–C4). ASVs are color-coded via family assignment in the vertical cluster tree. The stacked bar chart at the bottom displays the relative abundance of the family-categorized microbiota profiles. B Comparison of Shannon index for the four microbial clusters (C1–C4). C, D The comparison of phenotypes, including backfat thickness (BF) and loin-eye muscle area (EM) among the four clusters. Ordinary one-way ANOVA. E LEfSe analysis identified discriminative bacteria between C1 and C2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns not significant difference.