Table 2 Univariable associations between clinical variables and OS among MBC patients

From: The association between young age at metastatic breast cancer diagnosis and overall survival in the EMBRACE study

Variable

N/Deathsa

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Age group at MBC dx

4189/2190

  

≤40 y

 

1.10 (0.97–1.25)

0.15

>40–55 y

 

1.00 (ref)

 

>55 y

 

1.00 (0.92–1.10)

0.94

Age group at MBC dx

4189/2190

  

≤35 y

 

1.20 (1.01–1.43)

0.04

>35–55 y

 

1.00 (ref)

 

>55 y

 

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

1.00

Age group at MBC dx, 10 y

≤35 y

 

1.16 (0.97–1.39)

0.11

>35–45 y

 

0.91 (0.81–1.03)

0.14

>45–55 y

 

1.00 (ref)

 

>55–65 y

 

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

0.28

>65–75 y

 

1.01 (0.89–1.15)

0.90

Recurrent v. de novo

4110/2164

1.51 (1.36–1.67)

<0.001

Disease-free interval

4189/2190

  

de novo

 

1.00 (ref)

 

>0–24 months

 

2.84 (2.50–3.24)

<0.001

≥24 months

 

1.27 (1.14–1.42)

<0.001

Primary tumor subtype

3829/1990

  

Luminal A-like

 

1.00 (ref)

 

Luminal B-like

 

1.80 (1.61–2.02)

<0.001

HR + /HER2+

 

0.77 (0.65–0.90)

0.002

HR−/HER2+

 

0.92 (0.76–1.11)

0.40

HR−/HER2-

 

4.05 (3.57–4.59)

<0.001

Primary tumor stage

In situ

4110/2164

1.00 (ref)

 

Stage I

 

1.14 (0.75–1.73)

0.53

Stage II

 

1.45 (0.96–2.17)

0.07

Stage III

 

1.94 (1.29–2.92)

0.001

Stage IV (de novo)

 

0.99 (0.66–1.50)

0.98

Primary tumor grade

3829/1976

  

Grade 1

 

1.00 (ref)

 

Grade 2

 

1.26 (1.04–1.53)

0.02

Grade 3

 

2.03 (1.68–2.44)

<0.001

Metastatic tumor subtype

4114/2145

  

Luminal A-like

 

1.00 (ref)

 

Luminal B-like

 

1.85 (1.65–2.08)

<0.001

HR + /HER2+

 

0.75 (0.63–0.90)

0.002

HR-/HER2+

 

0.96 (0.80–1.15)

0.65

HR-/HER2-

 

4.22 (3.74–4.75)

<0.001

No. of sites of disease

4189/2190

1.10 (1.07–1.12)

<0.001

Sites of met disease

4189/2190

  

Bone

 

0.90 (0.82–0.98)

0.01

Brain

 

2.05 (1.78–2.36)

<0.001

Liver

 

1.49 (1.35–1.63)

<0.001

Lung

 

1.20 (1.08–1.33)

0.001

Other

 

1.10 (1.01–1.19)

0.03

Lines of treatment

4189/2190

  

Any ET

 

0.61 (0.56–0.67)

<0.001

Any CDK

 

0.66 (0.61–0.72)

<0.001

Any chemotherapy

 

3.02 (2.23–4.01)

<0.001

Any radiation

 

1.08 (0.99–1.18)

0.07

Germline mutationsb

   

BRCA1

1456/671

1.61 (1.05–2.46)

0.03

BRCA2

1460/672

1.237 (0.82–1.85)

0.33

CHEK2

863/353

0.97 (0.56–1.65)

0.90

  1. CDK cyclin-dependent kinase, CI confidence interval, dx diagnosis, ET endocrine therapy, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HR + hormone receptor positive, HR− hormone receptor negative, HR hazard ratio, MBC metastatic breast cancer, OS overall survival, PV pathogenic variant, y years.
  2. a Total number and deaths differs for each univariable analysis based on variable missingness.
  3. b Germline mutations are assessed individually as presence of PV (yes/no) in BRCA1, BRCA2, or CHEK2. N overall includes only those tested for each mutation. HRs are calculated among individuals with known germline testing.
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