Fig. 4: LCE metamaterial with programmable temperature-switchable nonlinear stress–strain relations.
From: Computational morphogenesis for liquid crystal elastomer metamaterial
a Target stress–strain relations under hot (Q = 0) and cold (Q = 0.5) temperatures and the actual effective stress–strain relations under various Q of the optimized metamaterial (Dsg. I); b optimized LCE metamaterial (Dsg. I) for linear stress–strain target at Q = 0.5 and bi-linear plateau target at Q = 0; c optimized LCE metamaterial (Dsg. II) for linear stress–strain target at Q = 0.5 and plateau target with one-half the stiffness of Dsg. I at Q = 0; d effective stress–strain relations of Dsg. II for 0.2 vertical strain; and e effective stress–strain relations of Dsg. II for 0.4 vertical strain. Several simulated deformed configurations are included for Dsgs. I and II. Deformed 1 is the deformed configuration of the metamaterial under mechanical loading at a low temperature, Deformed 2 is the deformed configuration of the metamaterial (without mechanical loading) upon temperature rise, and Deformed 3 is the deformed configuration under mechanical loading at a high temperature.
