Fig. 5: Generator–discriminator reasoning process guided by MCTS.

The figure illustrates how SLM-MATRIX extracts structured material–value–unit triples from scientific text through a sequence of reasoning actions. The process follows three stages: a Material identification (A1–A2); b Value and unit extraction (A3–A4); c Triple construction and validation (A5–A2). Using the example of AgSbTe₂’s bulk modulus (B₀) and pressure derivative (Bp), the model decomposes the task into sub-questions, refines reasoning paths, and assembles standardized outputs through iterative actions.