Fig. 3: Mechanism of action of warfarin. | npj Genomic Medicine

Fig. 3: Mechanism of action of warfarin.

From: A narrative review of research advancements in pharmacogenetics of cardiovascular disease and impact on clinical implications

Fig. 3

Warfarin inhibits the formation of the active form of vitamin K. Warfarin—clinically available as an equal mixture of R and S enantiomers—inhibits vitamin K oxidoreductase complex 1 (VKORC1) and, therefore, prevents the reduction of vitamin K1 to vitamin KH2. KH2 is necessary for γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) expression and activation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X (modified from ref. 101). Figure created with Bio Render.com.

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