Table 2 Montreal Heart Institute Biobank cohort characteristics at baseline

From: Genetic analyses across cardiovascular traits: leveraging genetic correlations to empower locus discovery and prediction in common cardiovascular diseases

  

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

 

Overall

No

Yes

P- value

 

n = 15,177

n = 10,872

n = 4305

 

Baseline

Age at inclusion

64 (± 11)

62 (± 11)

67 (± 10)

<0.001

Male sex

9028 (59.5)

6037 (55.5)

2991 (69.5)

<0.001

Ancestry (n = 15,171)

   

<0.001

 European

14,829 (97.7)

10,582 (97.3)

4247 (98.7)

 

 Hispanic

115 (0.8)

96 (0.9)

19 (0.4)

 

 African

127 (0.8)

108 (1.0)

19 (0.4)

 

 Asian

66 (0.4)

58 (0.5)

8 (0.2)

 

 Native American

8 (0.1)

6 (0.1)

2 (0.0)

 

 Other/admixed

26 (0.2)

18 (0.2)

8 (0.2)

 

 Not reported

6 (0.0)

4 (0.0)

2 (0.0)

 

BMI (n = 15,157)

28.7 (5.4)

28.5 (5.3)

29 (5.5)

<0.001

Hypertension (n = 15,136)

8732 (57.5)

5912 (54.4)

2820 (65.5)

<0.001

Diabetes (n = 15,164)

2910 (19.2)

1953 (18.0)

957 (22.2)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia (n = 15,135)

9855 (64.9)

6898 (63.4)

2957 (68.7)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

3389 (22.3)

0 (0)

3389 (78.7)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation type (n = 15,159)

   

<0.001

 No atrial fibrillation

11,788 (77.7)

10,872 (100)

916 (21.3)

 

 Paroxysmal

1955 (12.9)

0 (0)

1955 (45.4)

 

 Persistent

195 (1.3)

0 (0)

195 (4.5)

 

 Permanent

746 (4.9)

0 (0)

746 (17.3)

 

 Postoperative

475 (3.1)

0 (0)

475 (11.0)

 

Atrial flutter

1039 (6.8)

0 (0)

1039 (24.1)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

3554 (23.4)

0 (0)

3554 (82.6)

<0.001

Coronary artery disease

5727 (37.7)

3930 (36.1)

1797 (41.7)

<0.001

Heart failure

1610 (10.6)

664 (6.1)

946 (22.0)

<0.001

NYHA III-IV (n = 14,316)

109 (0.7)

37 (0.3)

72 (1.7)

<0.001

LVEF (n = 5746)

60 [53–60]

60 [55–60]

60 [50–60]

<0.001

NT-proBNP (n = 3420)

592 [193–1763]

307 [115–917]

1061 [402–2,410]

<0.001

Heart transplant (n = 15,173)

77 (0.5)

41 (0.4)

36 (0.8)

0.002

Treatment at baseline (n = 14,719)

 Beta-blockers

6676 (44.0)

4202 (38.6)

2474 (57.5)

<0.001

 Antiarrhythmic drugs

2283 (15.0)

736 (6.8)

1547 (35.9)

<0.001

 Hypolipidemic agents

9362 (61.7)

6541 (60.2)

2821 (65.5)

<0.001

 Antithrombotic drugs

9029 (59.5)

6496 (59.7)

2533 (58.8)

<0.001

 Anticoagulants

2486 (16.4)

413 (3.8)

2073 (48.2)

<0.001

 ACEI, ARB or ARNi

7186 (47.3)

4931 (45.4)

2255 (52.4)

<0.001

 MRA

530 (3.5)

228 (2.1)

302 (7.0)

<0.001

 Diuretics

4050 (26.7)

2477 (22.8)

1573 (36.5)

<0.001

Follow-up (incident or recurrent events)

Coronary artery disease

1232 (8.1)

718 (6.6)

514 (11.9)

<0.001

Heart failure

1039 (6.8)

322 (3.0)

717 (16.7)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

1590 (10.5)

0 (0)

1590 (36.9)

<0.001

Atrial flutter

539 (3.6)

0 (0)

539 (12.5)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1730 (11.4)

0 (0)

1730 (40.2)

<0.001

Death

2610 (17.2)

1433 (13.2)

1177 (27.3)

<0.001

Death cause

   

<0.001

 No death

12,567 (82.8)

9439 (86.8)

3128 (72.7)

 

 Myocardial infarction

28 (0.2)

11 (0.1)

17 (0.4)

 

 Heart failure

63 (0.4)

13 (0.1)

50 (1.2)

 

 Other cardiovascular etiology

87 (0.6)

27 (0.2)

60 (1.4)

 

 Non-cardiovascular

180 (1.2)

100 (0.9)

80 (1.9)

 

 Unknown

2252 (14.8)

1282 (11.8)

970 (22.5)

 

Age at death

77 (± 9)

77 (± 9)

78 (± 9)

0.003

Age at last follow-up

69 (± 12)

68 (± 12)

73 (± 10)

<0.001

  

Coronary artery disease

 

Overall

No

Yes

P- value

 

n = 15,177

n = 9070

n = 6107

 

Baseline

Age at inclusion

64 (± 11)

61 (± 12)

67 (± 9)

<0.001

Male sex

9028 (59.5)

4137 (45.6)

4891 (80.1)

<0.001

Ancestry (n = 15,171)

   

<0.001

 European

14,829 (97.7)

8811 (97.1)

6018 (98.5)

 

 Hispanic

115 (0.8)

92 (1.0)

23 (0.4)

 

 African

127 (0.8)

98 (1.1)

29 (0.5)

 

 Asian

66 (0.4)

42 (0.5)

24 (0.4)

 

 Native American

8 (0.1)

5 (0.1)

3 (0.0)

 

 Other/admixed

26 (0.2)

18 (0.2)

8 (0.1)

 

 Not reported

6 (0)

4 (0)

2 (0)

 

BMI (n = 15,157)

28.7 (5.4)

28.3 (5.5)

29.2 (5.2)

<0.001

Hypertension (n = 15,136)

8732 (57.5)

4156 (45.8)

4576 (74.9)

<0.001

Diabetes (n = 15,164)

2910 (19.2)

1104 (12.2)

1806 (29.6)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia (n = 15,135)

9855 (64.9)

4232 (46.7)

5623 (92.1)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

3389 (22.3)

1915 (21.1)

1474 (24.1)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation type (n = 15,159)

   

<0.001

 No atrial fibrillation

11,788 (77.7)

7155 (78.9)

4633 (75.9)

 

 Paroxysmal

1955 (12.9)

1185 (13.1)

770 (12.6)

 

 Persistent

195 (1.3)

147 (1.6)

48 (0.8)

 

 Permanent

746 (4.9)

463 (5.1)

283 (4.6)

 

 Postoperative

475 (3.1)

109 (1.2)

366 (6.0)

 

Atrial flutter

1039 (6.8)

661 (7.3)

378 (6.2)

0.009

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

3554 (23.4)

2020 (22.3)

1534 (25.1)

<0.001

Coronary artery disease

5727 (37.7)

0 (0)

5727 (93.8)

<0.001

Heart failure

1610 (10.6)

646 (7.1)

964 (15.8)

<0.001

NYHA III-IV (n = 14,316)

109 (0.7)

39 (0.4)

70 (1.1)

<0.001

LVEF (n = 5746)

60 [53–60]

60 [55–65]

55 [45–60]

<0.001

NT-proBNP (n = 3420)

592 [193–1763]

459 [143–1436]

720 [247–2053]

<0.001

Heart transplant (n = 15,173)

77 (0.5)

35 (0.4)

42 (0.7)

0.034

Treatment at baseline (n = 14,719)

 Beta-blockers

6676 (44.0)

2480 (27.3)

4196 (68.7)

<0.001

 Antiarrhythmic drugs

2283 (15.0)

1329 (14.7)

954 (15.6)

<0.001

 Hypolipidemic agents

9362 (61.7)

3768 (41.5)

5594 (91.6)

<0.001

 Antithrombotic drugs

9029 (59.5)

3528 (38.9)

5501 (90.1)

<0.001

 Anticoagulants

2486 (16.4)

1543 (17.0)

943 (15.4)

<0.001

 ACEI, ARB or ARNi

7186 (47.3)

3189 (35.2)

3997 (65.4)

<0.001

 MRA

530 (3.5)

215 (2.4)

315 (5.2)

<0.001

 Diuretics

4050 (26.7)

2090 (23.0)

1960 (32.1)

<0.001

Follow-up (incident or recurrent events)

Coronary artery disease

1232 (8.1)

0 (0)

1232 (20.2)

<0.001

Heart failure

1039 (6.8)

352 (3.9)

687 (11.2)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

1590 (10.5)

854 (9.4)

736 (12.1)

<0.001

Atrial flutter

539 (3.6)

287 (3.2)

252 (4.1)

0.002

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1730 (11.4)

922 (10.2)

808 (13.2)

<0.001

Death

2610 (17.2)

1028 (11.3)

1582 (25.9)

<0.001

Death cause

   

<0.001

 No death

12,567 (82.8)

8042 (88.7)

4525 (74.1)

 

 Myocardial infarction

28 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

28 (0.5)

 

 Heart failure

63 (0.4)

10 (0.1)

53 (0.9)

 

 Other cardiovascular etiology

87 (0.6)

29 (0.3)

58 (0.9)

 

 Non-cardiovascular

180 (1.2)

66 (0.7)

114 (1.9)

 

 Unknown

2252 (14.8)

923 (10.2)

1329 (21.8)

 

Age at death

77 (± 9)

76 (± 10)

78 (± 8)

<0.001

Age at last follow-up

69 (± 12)

67 (± 13)

73 (± 9)

<0.001

  

Heart Failure

 

Overall

No

Yes

P- value

 

n = 15,177

n = 12,995

n = 2182

 

Baseline

Age at inclusion

64 (± 11)

63 (± 11)

66 (± 11)

<0.001

Male sex

9028 (59.5)

7528 (57.9)

1500 (68.7)

<0.001

Ancestry (n = 15,171)

   

0.604

 European

14,829 (97.7)

12,696 (97.7)

2133 (97.8)

 

 Hispanic

115 (0.8)

104 (0.8)

11 (0.5)

 

 African

127 (0.8)

103 (0.8)

24 (1.1)

 

 Asian

66 (0.4)

59 (0.5)

7 (0.3)

 

 Native American

8 (0.1)

6 (0.0)

2 (0.1)

 

 Other/admixed

26 (0.2)

21 (0.2)

5 (0.2)

 

 Not reported

6 (0.0)

6 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

BMI (n = 15,157)

28.7 (5.4)

28.5 (5.3)

29.5 (5.9)

<0.001

Hypertension (n = 15,136)

8732 (57.5)

7135 (54.9)

1597 (73.2)

<0.001

Diabetes (n = 15,164)

2910 (19.2)

2219 (17.1)

691 (31.7)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia (n = 15,135)

9855 (64.9)

8167 (62.8)

1688 (77.4)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

3389 (22.3)

2355 (18.1)

1034 (47.4)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation type (n = 15,159)

   

<0.001

 No atrial fibrillation

11,788 (77.7)

10,640 (81.9)

1148 (52.6)

 

 Paroxysmal

1955 (12.9)

1445 (11.1)

510 (23.4)

 

 Persistent

195 (1.3)

129 (1.0)

66 (3.0)

 

 Permanent

746 (4.9)

421 (3.2)

325 (14.9)

 

 Postoperative

475 (3.1)

347 (2.7)

128 (5.9)

 

Atrial flutter

1039 (6.8)

678 (5.2)

361 (16.5)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

3554 (23.4)

2475 (19.0)

1079 (49.5)

<0.001

Coronary artery disease

5727 (37.7)

4507 (34.7)

1220 (55.9)

<0.001

Heart failure

1610 (10.6)

0 (0)

1610 (73.8)

<0.001

NYHA III-IV (n = 14,316)

109 (0.7)

0 (0)

109 (5.0)

<0.001

LVEF (n = 5746)

60 [53–60]

60 [55–60]

53 [36–60]

<0.001

NT-proBNP (n = 3420)

592 [193–1763]

321 [116–919]

1220 [477–2836]

<0.001

Heart transplant (n = 15,173)

77 (0.5)

0 (0)

77 (3.5)

<0.001

Treatment at baseline (n = 14,719)

 Beta-blockers

6676 (44.0)

5142 (39.6)

1534 (70.3)

<0.001

 Antiarrhythmic drugs

2283 (15.0)

1555 (12.0)

728 (33.4)

<0.001

 Hypolipidemic agents

9362 (61.7)

7731 (59.5)

1631 (74.7)

<0.001

 Antithrombotic drugs

9029 (59.5)

7561 (58.2)

1468 (67.3)

<0.001

Anticoagulants

2486 (16.4)

1587 (12.2)

899 (41.2)

<0.001

 ACEI, ARB or ARNi

7186 (47.3)

5634 (43.4)

1552 (71.1)

<0.001

 MRA

530 (3.5)

96 (0.7)

434 (19.9)

<0.001

 Diuretics

4050 (26.7)

2818 (21.7)

1232 (56.5)

<0.001

Follow-up (incident or recurrent events)

Coronary artery disease

1232 (8.1)

841 (6.5)

391 (17.9)

<0.001

Heart failure

1039 (6.8)

0 (0)

1039 (47.6)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation

1590 (10.5)

1019 (7.8)

571 (26.2)

<0.001

Atrial flutter

539 (3.6)

304 (2.3)

235 (10.8)

<0.001

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1730 (11.4)

1105 (8.5)

625 (28.6)

<0.001

Death

2610 (17.2)

1692 (13.0)

918 (42.1)

<0.001

Death cause

   

<0.001

 No death

12,567 (82.8)

11,303 (87.0)

1264 (57.9)

 

 Myocardial infarction

28 (0.2)

14 (0.1)

14 (0.6)

 

 Heart failure

63 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

63 (2.9)

 

 Other cardiovascular etiology

87 (0.6)

27 (0.2)

60 (2.7)

 

 Non-cardiovascular

180 (1.2)

131 (1.0)

49 (2.2)

 

 Unknown

2252 (14.8)

1,520 (11.7)

732 (33.5)

 

Age at death

77 (± 9)

78 (± 9)

77 (± 10)

0.009

Age at last follow-up

69 (± 12)

69 (± 12)

72 (± 12)

<0.001

  

Dataset

 

Overall

Validation

Testing

P- value

 

n = 15,177

n = 2500

n = 12,677

 

Baseline

Age at inclusion

64 (± 11)

64 (± 11)

64 (± 11)

0.265

Male sex

9028 (59.5)

1503 (60.1)

7525 (59.4)

0.493

Ancestry (n = 15,171)

   

0.043

 European

14,829 (97.7)

2459 (98.4)

12,370 (97.6)

 

 Hispanic

115 (0.8)

10 (0.4)

105 (0.8)

 

 African

127 (0.8)

17 (0.7)

110 (0.9)

 

 Asian

66 (0.4)

8 (0.3)

58 (0.5)

 

 Native American

8 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

6 (0.0)

 

 Other/admixed

26 (0.2)

4 (0.2)

22 (0.2)

 

 Not reported

6 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

6 (0.0)

 

BMI (n = 15,157)

28.7 (5.4)

28.7 (5.3)

28.7 (5.4)

0.495

Hypertension (n = 15,136)

8732 (57.5)

1483 (59.3)

7249 (57.2)

0.117

Diabetes (n = 15,164)

2910 (19.2)

504 (20.2)

2406 (19.0)

0.314

Dyslipidemia (n = 15,135)

9855 (64.9)

1631 (65.2)

8224 (64.9)

0.696

Atrial fibrillation

3389 (22.3)

553 (22.1)

2836 (22.4)

0.803

Atrial fibrillation type (n = 15,159)

   

0.968

 No atrial fibrillation

11,788 (77.7)

1947 (77.9)

9841 (77.6)

 

 Paroxysmal

1955 (12.9)

316 (12.6)

1639 (12.9)

 

 Persistent

195 (1.3)

28 (1.1)

167 (1.3)

 

 Permanent

746 (4.9)

126 (5.0)

620 (4.9)

 

 Postoperative

475 (3.1)

80 (3.2)

395 (3.1)

 

Atrial flutter

1039 (6.8)

163 (6.5)

876 (6.9)

0.508

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

3554 (23.4)

574 (23.0)

2980 (23.5)

0.572

Coronary artery disease

5727 (37.7)

988 (39.5)

4739 (37.4)

0.046

Heart failure

1610 (10.6)

257 (10.3)

1353 (10.7)

0.584

NYHA III-IV (n = 14,316)

109 (0.7)

15 (0.6)

94 (0.7)

0.519

LVEF (n =5746)

60 [53–60]

60 [53–60]

60 [53–60]

0.831

NT-proBNP (n = 3420)

592 [193–1763]

641 [190–1829]

585 [193–1743]

0.694

Heart transplant (n = 15,173)

77 (0.5)

12 (0.5)

65 (0.5)

0.659

Treatment at baseline (n = 14,719)

 Beta-blockers

6676 (44.0)

1140 (45.6)

5536 (43.7)

0.029

 Antiarrhythmic drugs

2283 (15.0)

372 (14.9)

1911 (15.1)

0.076

 Hypolipidemic agents

9362 (61.7)

1574 (63.0)

7788 (61.4)

0.052

 Antithrombotic drugs

9029 (59.5)

1541 (61.6)

7488 (59.1)

0.012

 Anticoagulants

2486 (16.4)

415 (16.6)

2071 (16.3)

0.082

 ACEI, ARB or ARNi

7186 (47.3)

1263 (50.5)

5923 (46.7)

0.001

 MRA

530 (3.5)

78 (3.1)

452 (3.6)

0.041

 Diuretics

4050 (26.7)

672 (26.9)

3378 (26.6)

0.083

Follow-up (incident or recurrent events)

Coronary artery disease

1232 (8.1)

233 (9.3)

999 (7.9)

0.018

Heart failure

1039 (6.8)

190 (7.6)

849 (6.7)

0.112

Atrial fibrillation

1590 (10.5)

268 (10.7)

1322 (10.4)

0.69

Atrial flutter

539 (3.6)

89 (3.6)

450 (3.5)

1

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1730 (11.4)

292 (11.7)

1438 (11.3)

0.653

Death

2610 (17.2)

435 (17.4)

2175 (17.2)

0.791

Death cause

   

0.942

 No death

12,567 (82.8)

2065 (82.6)

10,502 (82.8)

 

 Myocardial infarction

28 (0.2)

4 (0.2)

24 (0.2)

 

 Heart failure

63 (0.4)

9 (0.4)

54 (0.4)

 

 Other cardiovascular etiology

87 (0.6)

15 (0.6)

72 (0.6)

 

 Non-cardiovascular

180 (1.2)

26 (1.0)

154 (1.2)

 

 Unknown

2252 (14.8)

381 (15.2)

1871 (14.8)

 

Age at death

77 (± 9)

78 (± 9)

77 (± 9)

0.477

Age at last follow-up

69 (± 12)

70 (± 12)

69 (± 12)

0.146

  1. The variables described in the table are expressed as frequency (%), mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range].
  2. For missing data, the total number of individuals with available data for a given variable is mentioned in parentheses.
  3. ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARNi Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI body mass index, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NT-proBNP N-terminal-pro hormone BNP, NYHA New York Heart Association Functional Classification, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction.
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