Fig. 2: Frequency of SANS by demographic factors.

Frequency of SANS development as a function of A crewmember sex, B age (to protect anonymity, crewmembers have been divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on their age at launch), C body mass index (divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on their body mass index at launch), D mission duration (2 weeks (2 W), 6 months (6 M), or 1 year (1YR)), and E prior flight experience. Novice refers to crewmembers with no prior spaceflight experience. Experienced refers to crewmembers who have completed one or more previous missions. Actual counts are indicated within each bar; white numbers in the colored portion refer to those with SANS, black numbers within the gray portion refer to those without SANS. SANS, Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome.