Fig. 3: Fabrication and characterization of is-cathode.

a Schematics of is-cathode surface morphology from thin Ag to thick Ag film with various Ag deposition parameter. b Sheet resistance, stretchability of is-cathode, and Luminance of is-OLED at various is-cathode deposition parameters. c Optimal Ag deposition parameters for the is-cathode. Deposition rate and deposition condition are controlled by quartz crystal microbalance. d Resistance change of Ag cathode film with various Ag deposition parameter from Ag30 to Ag70 during the static stretching tests. e Resistance change of the is-cathode deposited by Ag60 during cyclic stretching tests at 20% and 40% strain. f TEM cross-sectional image of the is-OLED. g Charge conducting mechanism of the is-cathode under stretched condition. h SEM surface image of the is-cathode under stretched condition up to 60% strain.