Fig. 1: Schematic of EDTA/PSS polymer seed layer-based ultrathin Au µECoG electrodes for electro-optical neural interfacing.

a Overall layer structures of ultrathin metal-based flexible, transparent 16-channel neural electrodes. b Schematic for EDTA/PSS seed layer-based ultrathin gold film formation mechanism. EDTA (Orange color) forms a strong hexagonal bond with gold molecules, and PSS (Green color) forms a long chain structure to strengthen the bonding between EDTA and gold molecules. Each sphere represents a chemical part (Hydrogen-Sky blue, Oxygen-Red, Nitrogen-Purple, Gold-yellow, Sulfur-light green) c Multi-modal capability of transparent electro-optical µECoG arrays optical recording, simultaneous electrical two-week recording with light-induced artifact-free optogenetic modulation.