Fig. 4: Devices performance of flexible PSCs with SCAs modification.

a J–V curves of the champion flexible devices with or without SCAs. Inset is a photo of the flexible device. b External quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra and integrated current of the f-PSCs with or without SCAs modification. c Long-term storage stability measurement of devices. d PCE, VOC, JSC, and FF statistics of 20 devices based on pristine SnO2 and SCAs-modified SnO2.