Fig. 1: Preparation strategy, energy storage mechanism, and applications of MSCs based on patterned fabric.

a Schematic of 2D/3D micro electrode preparation. b Magnified detail view of C–C/MnO and C–C/Na MnO MSCs. c Schematic of the energy storage mechanism illustrating pseudocapacitive ion intercalation behavior. d Wearable application of series-assembled MSCs in portable electronic devices.