Fig. 1: Structure and operation principles of the dual-mode organic neuromorphic device.

a Schematic illustration of the dual-mode device fabricated on a business card. b Cross-sectional SEM image of the device. c Energy band diagram of DNTT, indicating the Fermi level, HOMO, LUMO, and optical band gap. d Schematic representation of the input-dependent memory and synaptic operations induced by charge trapping at the interface between pBDDA and Parylene of the dual-mode device.