Fig. 4: Synthesis of thiolated alginose (Tre-SH) and PEA-grafted alginose (PEA-g-Tre) (reprinted from ref. 50 with permission from Elsevier).

a The preparation of Tre-SH via chemical modification of alginose, introducing thiol groups to provide reactive functionality for further conjugation. b Grafting of Tre-SH onto a poly(ester amide) backbone to form the PEA-g-Tre copolymer.