Fig. 17: Schematic mechanism of intergranular oxidation and its mitigation by Ce-coating.
From: PVD Ce-coating to mitigate intergranular oxidation of additively manufactured Ni-base alloy IN625

a oxide delamination over alloy GB, b oxide buckling and opening of the interfacial voids, c oxidation of IG voids. White dotted lines in the lower part of the scheme depict the CeO2 particles in the Ce-doped Cr2O3 scale.