Fig. 3: O-αSyn might penetrate to brain via both neuronal pathways and systemic circulation.
From: Circadian disruption promotes the neurotoxicity of oligomeric alpha-synuclein in mice
A Representative brain regions with nitrated-αSyn pathology after intranasal or intravenous injection of O-αSyn. AON = anterior olfactory nucleus; M1 = primary motor cortex; Cpu = caudate putamen; Hippo = hippocampus; Thala = thalamus; Pir = piriform cortex; SN = substantia nigra; PPN = pedunculopontine nucleus; Mo5 = trigeminal motor nucleus V. Scale bar = 100 μm in the low power lens; 20 μm in the enlarged image. B Schematic diagram of the nitrated-αSyn distribution in the whole brain of mice treated with O-αSyn. Note that nitrated-αSyn mainly distributed in the forebrain and pons at 1 week after intranasal injection of O-αSyn and the pathologic αSyn could spread into many other brain regions related to PD after 1 month. The intravenous administration of O-αSyn led to the emergence of nitrated αSyn within the same brain regions affected by intranasal injection of O-αSyn. C Schematic diagram of nose-to-brain spreading pathways of O-αSyn.
