Fig. 5: Histone lactylation increases in microglia of PD mice and LPS-stimulated primary microglia.

A Representative western blotting of Pan-Kla in the SN of Control and MPTP mice. N = 6 per group. B–E Representative western blotting and quantification of H3K18la, H4K12la, H4K16la, Pan-Kla, and H3K9la in the SN of Control and MPTP mice. N = 3–4 per group. F Representative images of IBA1 (green) and H3K9la (red) in the SN of Control and MPTP. Scale bar, 50 μm. G Quantification of fluorescence intensity of H3K9la in microglia in the SN of Control and MPTP. N = 8 per group. H and I Representative western blotting and quantification of Pan-Kla and H3K9la in the SN tissues of WT and A53T mice. N = 3 per group. J Representative images of IBA1 (red) and H3K9la (green) in the SN of WT and A53T mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. K Quantification of fluorescence intensity of H3K9la in IBA1⁺ cells. N = 8 per group. L and M Representative western blotting and quantification of Pan-Kla in primary microglia treated with PBS, LPS (0.2 μg/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for 24 h. N = 3 per group. N and O Representative western blotting and quantification of Pan-Kla in primary microglia treated with exogenous lactate (0, 5, 10, 20, 100 mM) for 24 h. N = 2–3 per group. Data were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Compared to Control group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001; compared to MPTP group or A53T group or LPS group, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001. ns indicates no statistical significance.