Fig. 5: Identification and diagnostic validation of hub genes.

A Mean squared error as a function of Log(λ) in Lasso regression. B Regression coefficients as a function of Log(λ) in Lasso regression. C Wilcoxon test results for the lambda.min and lambda.1se models in distinguishing PD patients from controls (P < 0.001). D ROC curve analysis showing AUC values of 0.934 for the lambda.min model and 0.93 for the lambda.1se model in PD. E Wilcoxon test results for melanoma samples indicate significant differences (P < 0.001). F ROC curve analysis demonstrating AUC values of 0.935 for both models in melanoma. G Individual gene analysis reveals AUC values greater than 0.638 for all hub genes in PD. H Individual gene analysis reveals AUC values greater than 0.666 for all hub genes in melanoma.