Table 1 Demographics and clinical data - patients with Parkinson’s disease PD) and healthy controls (HC)
Whole cohort | PD | HC | p, t(dof) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 218 | n = 90 | |||
Age at assessment (mean ± SD) | 68.5 ± 10.8 | 62.7 ± 10.9 | <0.001e, 12873.0 | |
Male (n, %) | All (n, %) | 137, 63% | 63, 70% | 0.287b, 1.1(1) |
Ethnicity (n, %) | White (n, %) | 96, 44% | 30, 33% | <0.001c, 14.8(2) |
South Asian (n, %) | 85, 39% | 56, 62% | ||
Black (n, %) | 24, 11% | 2, 2% | ||
Comorbidities | HTN (n, %) | 112, 52% | 30, 42% | 0.174b, 0.05(1) |
T2DM (n, %) | 68, 31% | 21, 29% | 0.825b, 0.05(1) | |
Smoking (n, %) | 61, 29% | 2, 13% | 0.197b, 1.7(1) | |
Time from diagnosis, years (median ± IQR) | 4.8 ± 6.9 | — | — | |
Duration of symptoms on assessment, years (median ± IQR) | 6.3 ± 7.4 | — | — | |
Age at diagnosis, years (mean ± SD) | 61.3 ± 12 | — | — | |
Age at symptom onset, years (mean ± SD) | 61 ± 12 | — | — | |
LEDD (median ± IQR) | 550 ± 575 | — | — | |
MDS-UPDRS I (mean ± SD) | 16.2 ± 8.8 | — | ||
MDS-UPDRS II (mean ± SD) | 19.5 ± 11 | — | — | |
MDS-UPDRS III (mean ± SD) | 38.6 ± 18.1 | — | — | |
MDS-UPDRS IV (mean ± SD) | 4.7 ± 4.3 | — | — | |
NMSQ (median ± IQR) | 12.0 ± 10.0 | — | — | |
MoCA (mean ± SD) | 23.8 ± 4.6 | 25.6 ± 3.4 | 0.024a, 5.1 | |
Smell test scored out of 6 (median ± IQR) | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 0.007e, 964.0 | |
HADS Depression (mean ± SD) | 7.1 ± 4.5 | — | — | |
HADS Anxiety (mean ± SD) | 6.9 ± 4.6 | — | — | |
RBDSQ (mean ± SD) | 4.6 ± 3.1 | — | — | |
PDSS2 (mean ± SD) | 19.5 ± 11.3 | — | — | |
ESS (mean ± SD) | 9.4 ± 6.4 | — | — | |
SCOPA-AUT (mean ± SD) | 17.5 ± 10.3 | — | — | |
EQ5D5L VAS (mean ± SD) | 59.4 ± 20.8 | — | — | |
EQ5D5L index (mean ± SD) | 0.5 ± 0.3 | — | — | |
IMD decile (median ± IQR) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | — | — | |
