Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients with Parkinson’s disease in the East London Parkinson’s Disease project

From: The East London Parkinson’s disease project – a case-control study of Parkinson’s Disease in a diverse population

 

White n = 96

South Asian n = 85

Black n = 24

White vs South Asian

White vs Black

Black vs South Asian

   

Uni

Multi

Uni

Multi

Uni

Multi

p, t(dof)

p

p, t(dof)

p

p, t(dof)

p

Age at assessment (mean ± SD)

70.2 ± 9.5

66.4 ± 11.4

71.1 ± 10.0

0.015d, 2.4(179)

—

0.676d, −0.4(118)

—

0.068d, 1.8(107)

—

Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD)

64.5 ± 11.0

61.0 ± 11.5

65.6 ± 11.4

0.036e, 4818

—

0.643e, 1081.0

—

0.089d, −1.7(107)

—

Age at symptom onset (mean ± SD)

62.6 ± 11.3

59.2 ± 12.2

64.4 ± 11.9

0.055e, 4756.0

—

0.505e, 1050.0

—

0.068d,1.8(107)

—

Time from diagnosis (median ± IQR)

4.1 ± 6.6

5.0 ± 7.7

5.6 ± 4.5

0.737e, 3961.5

—

0.570e, 1065.0

—

0.832e, 1049.5

—

Duration of symptoms on assessment (median ± IQR)

6.0 ± 7.6

6.8 ± 7.3

6.5 ± 3.7

0.952e, 4101.0

—

0.945e, 1141.0

—

0.939e, 1009.0

—

Duration of symptoms at diagnosis (median ± IQR)

1.2 ± 1.5

1.0 ± 1.9

1.0 ± 0.9

0.171e, 4561.5

—

0.247e, 1329.0

—

0.968e, 1026.0

—

LEDD, mg (median ± IQR)

536 ± 532

600 ± 600

540 ± 473

0.411e, 3791.0

—

0.938e, 1092.0

—

0.515e, 890.5

—

MDS-UPDRS I (mean ± SD)

14.6 ± 7.7

18.7 ± 9.6

15.4 ± 7.8

0.004a, 8.4

0.067f, <0.001g

0.635e, 968.0

0.036f, 0.693g

0.137d, −1.5(99)

0.004f, 0.068g

MDS-UPDRS II (mean ± SD)

16.1 ± 9.2

23.5 ± 11.7

21.8 ± 9.5

<0.001a, 18.2

<0.001f, < 0.001g

0.012e, 704.5

0.962f, 0.005g

0.519d, −0.6(103)

0.013f, 0.356g

MDS-UPDRS III (mean ± SD)

35.2 ± 16.4

42.2 ± 18.8

47 ± 16.6

0.013e, 2797.0

0.148f, <0.001g, <0.001h, <0.001i

0.002e, 650.5

0.727f, 0.001g, <0.001h, <0.001i

0.266d, 1.1(100)

0.157f, 0.473g, 0.376h, 0.374i

MDS-UPDRS IV (median ± IQR)

3.0 ± 6.0

5.0 ± 7.0

6.0 ± 5.0

0.11a, 2.5

0.078f, 0.033g, 0.031i

0.006e, 643.0

0.009f, 0.002g, < 0.001i

0.160e, 1055.0

0.403f, 0.189g, 0.093i

NMSQ (median ± IQR)

11.0 ± 8.0

13.5 ± 11.2

12.0 ± 9.0

0.20a, 5.4

0.103f, 0.002g

0.532e, 881.0

0.045f, 0.399g

0.438e, 747.0

0.009f, 0.279g

MoCA (mean ± SD)

24.9 ± 4.2

22.2 ± 4.7

22.4 ± 4.8

<0.001e, 3235.0

0.027f, 0.48.01g

0.038e, 965.0

<0.001f, 0.277g

0.857d, 0.2(66)

0.01f, 0.530g

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, t T statistic, dof degrees of freedom (applicable only for t-test).
  2. Bold - p < 0.004 (Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons). Ages and durations reported in years.
  3. aKruskall–Wallis test.
  4. bChi-squared test.
  5. cFisher’s exact test.
  6. dtwo-sided T-test.
  7. eMann–Whitney U test.
  8. fLogistic regression, adjusted for disease duration.
  9. gLogistic regression, adjusted for disease duration, age and gender.
  10. hLogistic regression, adjusted for disease duration, age, gender, and ON-OFF status.
  11. iLogistic regression, adjusted for disease duration, age, gender, and LEDD.
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