Fig. 2: Associations between baseline digestive diseases and risk of Parkinson’s disease.
From: Associations of digestive diseases exposure and lifestyle factors with Parkinson’s disease

Model 1 Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 Further adjusted for Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, education attainment, healthy diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, ethnicity, and hypertension. Model 3 further adjusted for family history of Parkinson’s disease.