Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Parkinson’s disease
From: Associations of digestive diseases exposure and lifestyle factors with Parkinson’s disease
Characteristic | Overall | Without Parkinson’s disease | Parkinson’s disease | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 501483) | (n = 498577) | (n = 2906) | |||
Age at baseline, years (mean (SD)) | 56.52 (8.10) | 56.48 (8.09) | 63.12 (5.23) | <0.001 | |
Sex, n (%) | Female | 2,72,967 (54.43) | 2,71,887 (54.53) | 1080 (37.16) | <0.001 |
Male | 2,28,516 (45.57) | 2,26,690 (45.47) | 1826 (62.84) | ||
TDI (mean (SD)) | −1.29 (3.09) | −1.29 (3.09) | −1.35 (3.08) | 0.346 | |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean (SD)) | 27.43 (4.79) | 27.43 (4.79) | 27.80 (4.57) | <0.001 | |
Educational attainment, n (%) | College or University degree | 1,62,989 (32.50) | 1,62,193 (32.53) | 796 (27.39) | <0.001 |
Vocational | 26,862 (5.36) | 26,776 (5.37) | 86 (2.96) | ||
Any school degree | 55,220 (11.01) | 54,963 (11.02) | 257 (8.84) | ||
Other | 2,56,412 (51.13) | 2,54,645 (51.07) | 1767 (60.81) | ||
Health diet (mean (SD)) | 3.05 (1.24) | 3.05 (1.24) | 3.09 (1.22) | 0.113 | |
Smoking status, n (%) | Never | 2,75,098 (54.86) | 2,73,603 (54.88) | 1495 (51.45) | <0.001 |
Previous | 1,73,477 (34.59) | 1,72,265 (34.55) | 1212 (41.71) | ||
Current | 52,908 (10.55) | 52,709 (10.57) | 199 (6.85) | ||
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Never | 22,324 (4.45) | 22,159 (4.44) | 165 (5.68) | <0.001 |
Previous | 18,015 (3.59) | 17,846 (3.58) | 169 (5.82) | ||
Current | 4,61,144 (91.96) | 4,58,572 (91.98) | 2572 (88.51) | ||
Physical activity (mean (SD)) | 2660.67 (2447.14) | 2661.32 (2447.92) | 2548.01 (2306.41) | 0.013 | |
Ethnicity, n (%) | White | 4,58,139 (91.36) | 4,55,399 (91.34) | 2740 (94.29) | <0.001 |
Asia | 9412 (1.88) | 9374 (1.88) | 38 (1.31) | ||
Black | 3418 (0.68) | 3407 (0.68) | 11 (0.38) | ||
Other | 30,514 (6.08) | 30,397 (6.10) | 117 (4.03) | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | Normal | 74,930 (14.94) | 74,654 (14.97) | 276 (9.50) | <0.001 |
Elevated | 53,981 (10.76) | 53,715 (10.77) | 266 (9.15) | ||
Stage 1 hypertension | 1,23,834 (24.69) | 1,23,204 (24.71) | 630 (21.68) | ||
Stage 2 hypertension | 2,48,738 (49.60) | 2,47,004 (49.54) | 1734 (59.67) | ||
Family history of PD, n (%) | No | 4,99,229 (99.55) | 4,96,353 (99.55) | 2876 (98.97) | <0.001 |
Yes | 2254 (0.45) | 2224 (0.45) | 30 (1.03) | ||
