Table 3 Subgroup analysis results of Parkinson’s disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

1.45 [1.32, 1.59] <0.001

1.54 [1.05, 2.25] 0.027

0.2069

1.46 [1.10, 1.94] 0.008

1.44 [1.29, 1.61] <0.001

0.6289

1.73 [1.30, 2.30] <0.001

1.63 [1.21, 2.18] 0.001

1.38 [1.13, 1.69] 0.001

1.41 [1.25, 1.59] <0.001

0.3317

Gastritis and duodenitis

1.34 [1.21, 1.47] <0.001

1.34 [0.92, 1.93] 0.123

0.736

1.35 [1.01, 1.81] 0.039

1.28 [1.14, 1.44] <0.001

0.0665

1.15 [0.84, 1.57] 0.395

1.70 [1.27, 2.26] <0.001

1.35 [1.11, 1.65] 0.003

1.31 [1.16, 1.48] <0.001

0.3672

Celiac disease

1.92 [1.40, 2.64] <0.001

5.67[1.80, 17.84] 0.003

0.325

1.82 [0.68, 4.89] 0.234

1.97 [1.35, 2.89] <0.001

0.9766

3.56 [1.83, 6.94] <0.001

2.42 [0.99, 5.87] 0.052

1.89 [0.98, 3.65] 0.059

1.67 [1.06, 2.63] 0.026

0.4510

Crohn ‘ s disease

1.79 [1.26, 2.55] 0.001

1.32 [0.18, 9.44] 0.782

0.7913

3.41[1.52, 7.66] 0.003

1.64 [1.06, 2.55] 0.028

0.3551

0.99 [0.25, 3.97] 0.986

1.72 [0.55, 5.38] 0.351

1.46 [0.65, 3.26] 0.359

2.05 [1.33, 3.16] 0.001

0.6793

Ulcerative colitis

1.49 [1.13, 1.95] 0.004

1.66 [0.53, 5.22] 0.386

0.4489

1.48 [0.66, 3.32] 0.343

1.31 [0.93, 1.85] 0.124

0.4016

1.10 [0.45, 2.68] 0.830

3.09 [1.64, 5.82] <0.001

2.00 [1.23, 3.24] 0.005

1.13 [0.75, 1.69] 0.563

0.0505

Intestinal diverticular disease

1.06 [0.96, 1.16] 0.254

1.12 [0.73, 1.70] 0.605

0.9116

1.15 [0.88, 1.51] 0.301

1.02 [0.91, 1.15] 0.685

0.7092

0.96 [0.70, 1.31] 0.779

0.92 [0.67, 1.27] 0.627

1.15 [0.95, 1.39] 0.159

1.06 [0.94, 1.19] 0.340

0.6907

Irritable bowel syndrome

1.44 [1.18, 1.75] <0.001

1.89 [0.93, 3.86] 0.080

0.2292

1.03 [0.53, 2.00] 0.930

1.53 [1.22, 1.93] <0.001

0.3357

2.08 [1.30, 3.33] 0.002

0.38 [0.12, 1.20] 0.100

1.23 [0.80, 1.89] 0.341

1.62 [1.27, 2.07] <0.001

0.0060

Peptic ulcer

1.08 [0.90, 1.30] 0.413

2.96 [1.86, 4.70] <0.001

0.0006

0.95 [0.52, 1.73] 0.858

1.08 [0.87, 1.33] 0.494

0.0086

0.99 [0.55, 1.78] 0.975

1.23 [0.71, 2.11] 0.460

1.05 [0.71, 1.55] 0.803

1.27 [1.02, 1.57] 0.029

0.8462

Pancreatitis

1.41 [1.06, 1.87] 0.017

1.08 [0.27, 4.38] 0.911

0.2355

1.71 [0.76, 3.84] 0.195

1.35 [0.96, 1.89] 0.087

0.8987

1.44 [0.59, 3.50] 0.425

1.00 [0.32, 3.13] 1.000

0.38 [0.12, 1.19] 0.097

1.80 [1.31, 2.47] <0.001

0.0139

Gallbladder disease

1.37 [1.21, 1.56] <0.001

1.61 [0.94, 2.75] 0.083

0.564

1.14 [0.75, 1.74] 0.530

1.46 [1.26, 1.69] <0.001

0.3792

1.00 [0.64, 1.57] 0.992

1.37 [0.91, 2.07] 0.131

1.33 [1.02, 1.74] 0.036

1.46 [1.25, 1.70] <0.001

0.6778

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

1.74 [1.39, 2.17] <0.001

2.16 [1.05, 4.45] 0.035

0.5723

1.25 [0.56, 2.82] 0.587

1.86 [1.45, 2.38] <0.001

0.4342

2.54 [1.37, 4.70] 0.003

1.74 [0.81, 3.71] 0.153

1.23 [0.72, 2.09] 0.456

1.88 [1.44, 2.44] <0.001

0.2153

Cirhosis

1.56 [1.15, 2.12] 0.004

0.62 [0.09, 4.45] 0.637

0.6553

1.08 [0.34, 3.36] 0.898

1.56 [1.09, 2.25] 0.016

0.4419

1.02 [0.33, 3.21] 0.967

1.29 [0.41, 4.05] 0.659

1.55 [0.80, 3.00] 0.194

1.61 [1.10, 2.34] 0.013

0.9571

Appendicitis

1.17 [0.83, 1.64] 0.370

2.39 [0.76, 7.50] 0.136

0.5116

1.06 [0.39, 2.83] 0.912

1.09 [0.70, 1.69] 0.716

0.2927

0.65 [0.16, 2.62] 0.545

0.66 [0.16, 2.64] 0.553

1.45 [0.78, 2.71] 0.243

1.32 [0.88, 1.99] 0.185

0.4967

Overall gastrointestinal cancer

1.15 [0.97, 1.37] 0.111

1.60 [0.79, 3.28] 0.194

0.751

1.68 [1.08, 2.62] 0.022

1.00 [0.80, 1.25] 0.980

0.1069

1.16 [0.65, 2.08] 0.612

1.00 [0.53, 1.88] 0.994

1.57 [1.12, 2.19] 0.008

1.07 [0.86, 1.34] 0.520

0.2886