Fig. 2: The valley and spin Hall effects under the irradiation of LPL.
From: Floquet engineering of anomalous Hall effects in monolayer MoS2
a, b The original bands (α = 0) and Floquet replicas (α = ±1) near the K valley with amplitude A0 = 0 V/c and A0 = 60 V/c. The gray dashed lines represent the quasienergy bands, while the color shading denotes the electron count. c, d The valley Hall conductivity σv and spin Hall conductivity σs as a function of the laser amplitude A0 for different photon energy ℏω. The black triangles correspond to the conductivities assuming a Fermi-Dirac occupation of electronic bands, while the red circular (square) dots represent the values obtained when considering nonequilibrium occupation for ℏω = 1.7 eV (1.9 eV). The green diamond is the conductivity without light. The blue dashed lines are guide to the eye.
