Fig. 3: Transplantation of ExpLBM-derived cartilaginous particles in the knee joints in a minipig model.

A Schematic of the transplantation of ExpLBM-derived cartilaginous particles in a minipig model. B Gross appearance of the joint surface before (left) and after (right) transplantation during surgery. C Gross appearance of the joint surface at 2 weeks postoperatively. D Histological examination of the repaired osteochondral defect and sham. Semi-serial sections were stained for hematoxylin–eosin and Safranin O. Scale bars: 500 μm. E Immunofluorescence examination of the repaired osteochondral defect and sham. Samples were harvested 2 weeks after transplantation. Semi-serial sections were immunostained for hVimentin, Aggrecan, COL2, SOX9, and COL10. Scale bars: 500 μm. F Histological analysis based on the ICRS scoring system (n = 4 knees of minipigs in chondro-particles transplants group, and n = 6 in sham group). Statistical significance was determined using unpaired one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. *** p < 0.001.