Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.

N total

73

25

27

–

–

Sex (N/%) female

36/49%

14/56%

12/44%

X² = 0.7

0.70

Age (years)

35.9 ± 13.0

23.3 ± 12.2

35.3 ± 12.4

F = 0.0

0.978

BMI

24.8 ± 5.2

25.7 ± 5.1

23.3 ± 3.7

F = 1.7

0.195

Education (years)

13.0 ± 2.4

12.7 ± 1.8

16.1 ± 3.0

F = 18.0

< 0.001*

PS vs. HC: p < 0.001*

PS vs. non-PS: p = 0.906

non-PS vs. HC: p < 0.001*

Duration of illness (years)

10.0 ± 11.0

8.9 ± 12.1

–

W = 1027

0.352

Number of episodes

4.5 ± 4.4

6.4 ± 12.0

–

W = 959

0.708

OLZ eq.

15.4 ± 11.2

14.8 ± 10.2

–

W = 917

0.974

SRRS

23.4 ± 5.8

8.4 ± 2.8

–

W = 1825

< 0.001*

mSRRS

10.7 ± 3.1

2.9 ± 1.7

–

W = 1800

< 0.001*

UPDRS

21.5 ± 11.4

9.0 ± 6.0

–

W = 1545

< 0.001*

BFCRS

5.2 ± 4.0

1.3 ± 1.6

–

W = 1557

< 0.001*

NES total

15.8 ± 10.9^∆

10.0 ± 5.5

–

W = 1155

0.018*

 sensory integration

2.9 ± 2.7^∆

1.7 ± 1.1

–

W = 1113

0.042*

 motor coordination

2.2 ± 2.4^•

0.76 ± 1.1

–

W = 1274

0.001*

 sequencing

4.5 ± 3.4^∆

3.1 ± 2.5

–

W = 1098

0.059

 others

6.1 ± 5.1^∆

4.5 ± 3.8

–

W = 1016

0.233

Activity level

11,961 ± 4599^υ

19,480 ± 7406^†

19,706 ± 7493

F = 23.5

< 0.001*

PS vs. HC: p < 0.001*

PS vs. non-PS: p < 0.001*

non-PS vs. HC: p = 0.990

PANSS total

78.0 ± 16.8

65.7 ± 14.0

–

W = 1269

0.004*

 Positive

15.4 ± 5.2

16.7 ± 5.1

–

W = 766

0.233

 Negative

23.1 ± 6.4

15.3 ± 4.0

–

W = 1571

< 0.001*

 General

39.4 ± 9.1

33.7 ± 8.0

–

W = 1241

0.007*

BNSS total

42.6 ± 13.2

25.6 ± 10.2

–

W = 1567

< 0.001

  Anhedonia

10.8 ± 4.2

6.5 ± 3.6

–

W = 1444

< 0.001

  Distress

2.9 ± 1.7

2.0 ± 1.5

–

W = 1225

0.010*

  Asocial

6.7 ± 2.4

5.6 ± 2.7

–

W = 1102

0.121

  Avolition

6.9 ± 2.7

5.3 ± 2.5

–

W = 1243

0.007*

  Affect

10.6 ± 3.8

5.0 ± 3.1

–

W = 1588

< 0.001*

  Alogia

4.7 ± 3.2

1.2 ± 1.8

–

W = 1503

< 0.001*