Fig. 2: Variability of schizophrenia effects among white matter regions.

A The average schizophrenia-associated alterations in the lipid classes in each of the six white matter regions represented as log₂-transformed lipid abundance differences between schizophrenia and control samples (log₂ fold changes). Shaded areas indicate lipid classes with the overall abundance significantly altered in schizophrenia (hypergeometric test, BH-corrected p < 0.05). B Correlations of lipid abundance level alterations (log₂ fold changes) in schizophrenia among white matter regions, calculated based on significantly altered lipids (n = 154, ANOVA, BH-corrected p < 0.05). Colors and numbers indicate Pearson correlation coefficients. The dendrogram and the brain section scheme on the right show the clustering of white matter regions using correlation-based distances. C Distributions of schizophrenia effect amplitudes (Cohen’s d values) of significantly altered lipids (n = 154, ANOVA, BH-corrected p < 0.05) within the six white matter regions. Lipids that represent an overall significant abundance increase (mean Cohen’s d > 0) or decrease (mean Cohen’s d < 0) are colored in red and blue, respectively. The histogram below shows the average effect size of the significant schizophrenia-associated alteration for each white matter region.