Table 1 Group differences in demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging variables at baseline.

From: Common and unique white matter fractional anisotropy patterns in patients with schizophrenia with medication-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations: a retrospective tract-based spatial statistics study

 

Patients with medication-resistant AVHs

Patients with treatable AVHs

Healthy controls

P

n

n = 48

n = 67

n = 70

0.013#

Age (years)

19.18 ± 0.38

26.54 ± 3.00

24.22 ± 3.04

0.013#

Sex (male/female)

8/40

25/42

37/78

0.001#

Education level (years)

14.60 ± 3.50

16.25 ± 2.59

18.40 ± 1.35

0.039#

PANSS total

87.80 ± 10.50

77.00 ± 5.50

-

0.001*

PANSS positive

17.30 ± 4.20

19.00 ± 2.13

-

0.020*

PANSS negative

10.30 ± 1.35

9.15 ± 0.87

-

0.045*

PANSS general

50.20 ± 9.66

48.85 ± 5.0

-

0.047*

AHRS

24.20 ± 1.66

20.25 ± 3.50

-

0.011*

Mean FA of clusters with significant group differences in FA

0.32 ± 0.01

0.50 ± 0.06

0.61 ± 0.04

< 0.001#

Mean AD of clusters with significant group differences in FA

0.75 ± 0.01 (10−3)

0.83 ± 0.04 (10−3)

0.90 ± 0.04(10−3)

< 0.001#

Mean RD of clusters with significant group differences in FA

0.63 ± 0.03 (10−3)

0.40 ± 0.01 (10−3)

0.46 ± 0.05(10−3)

< 0.001#

Mean MD of clusters with significant group differences in FA

0.60 ± 0.04 (10−3)

0.45 ± 0.02 (10−3)

0.56 ± 0.01(10−3)

< 0.001#

  1. AHRs Auditory verbal hallucinations, FA Fractional anisotropy, AD Axial diffusivity, RD Radial diffusivity, MD Mean diffusivity, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. #Kruskal–Wallis H-test, *Mann–Whitney U-test.
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