Fig. 1: Proteomic analysis of SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h exposure to MGO.

a 3D PCA plot based on the expression levels of 3160 proteins. b The number of upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different MGO-treated groups. c Volcano plot of proteins quantified in different MGO-treated groups (red dots: upregulated DEPs, blue dots: downregulated DEPS, gray dots: proteins with no significant change). d Heatmap of the 453 DEPs identified in the high-concentration MGO-treated group presented for all treatment groups. Columns represent groups and rows represent proteins. The color gradient from blue to red indicates the protein expression level from low to high. Treatment groups are labeled as follows: control (C-x) for 0 μM MGO, low (L-x) for 500 μM MGO, medium (M-x) for 750 μM MGO, and high (H-x) for 1000 μM MGO. The “x” in each label represents the replicate number, ranging from 1 to 4.