Fig. 3: Different types of recognition elements.

A (a) Schematic representation of a conventional antibody (IgG) and (b) a heavy chain camel antibody108. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. B Schematic diagram of Nb library construction by recombinant antibody technology108. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C Schematic illustration of the cell-based aptamers selection114. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. D Schematic illustration for preparation of MIPs126. Copyright 2014, The Royal Society of Chemistry.