Fig. 3: Effect of radish extracts on PMA-induced mucus production in NCI-H292 cells.

Serum-starved NCI-H292 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of DM, AM, FM, DE, AE, FE for 30 min, followed by stimulation with 10 nM of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). a, b Mucus production was visualized by PAS staining. c Quantification of mucus production was performed using ImageJ. Images were captured using a 10× objective. Bars represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Tukey’s test.