Table 1 Summary statistics of the sample—15–17 year old girls and boys in India.
From: The gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent literacy and schooling outcomes in India
15–17 year old girls | 15–17 year old boys | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Difference (Post–Pre) | Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Difference (Post–Pre) | |
Reading ability (can read?) | 0.819 (0.385) | 0.793 (0.405) | −0.026** | 0.824 (0.381) | 0.821 (0.383) | −0.003 |
Currently out of school | 0.27 (0.444) | 0.271 (0.444) | 0.001 | 0.239 (0.427) | 0.223 (0.416) | −0.017* |
Out of school for marriage | 0.165 (0.371) | 0.085 (0.279) | −0.08** | – | – | – |
Out of school for employment | 0.171 (0.377) | 0.148 (0.355) | −0.024** | 0.177 (0.382) | 0.171 (0.377) | −0.006 |
Out of school due to cost | 0.16 (0.366) | 0.231 (0.421) | 0.071** | 0.136 (0.343) | 0.186 (0.389) | 0.05** |
Age in years | 16.503 (1.137) | 16.551 (1.124) | 0.049** | 16.479 (1.127) | 16.553 (1.105) | 0.074** |
Years of schooling completed | 8.97 (2.693) | 8.936 (2.762) | −0.034 | 8.874 (2.737) | 8.932 (2.637) | 0.059 |
HAZ | −1.901 (0.004) | −1.884 (0.006) | −0.017* | −0.442 (0.014) | −0.259 (0.021) | −0.383** |
Relationship to household head: | ||||||
Self | 0.002 (0.049) | 0.002 (0.043) | −0.001 | 0.005 (0.067) | 0.003 (0.052) | −0.002 |
Spouse | 0.012 (0.107) | 0.006 (0.078) | −0.005** | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 |
Daughter | 0.777 (0.416) | 0.788 (0.409) | 0.011** | 0.829 (0.377) | 0.816 (0.387) | −0.012 |
Daughter-in-law | 0.047 (0.212) | 0.031 (0.172) | −0.017** | 0.001 (0.031) | 0.001 (0.033) | 0 |
Grandchild | 0.107 (0.309) | 0.117 (0.322) | 0.01** | 0.114 (0.318) | 0.132 (0.338) | 0.018** |
Age of household head | 48.85 (11.373) | 48.83 (11.187) | −0.02 | 48.762 (11.355) | 49.099 (11.258) | 0.337 |
Whether household head is female | 0.164 (0.37) | 0.15 (0.357) | −0.014** | 0.169 (0.375) | 0.163 (0.369) | −0.006 |
Household head’s years of schooling | 5.599 (5.414) | 5.655 (5.736) | 0.057 | 5.741 (5.848) | 5.796 (5.287) | 0.055 |
Household characteristics: | ||||||
Household size | 5.727 (2.278) | 5.936 (2.375) | 0.208** | 5.375 (2.196) | 5.507 (2.229) | 0.132** |
Rural | 0.784 (0.411) | 0.775 (0.417) | −0.009** | 0.767 (0.423) | 0.76 (0.427) | −0.008 |
Scheduled Caste (SC) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.231 (0.421) | 0.031** | 0.193 (0.395) | 0.215 (0.411) | 0.022** |
Scheduled Tribe (ST) | 0.182 (0.386) | 0.199 (0.4) | 0.017** | 0.184 (0.388) | 0.197 (0.397) | 0.012 |
Other Backward Classes (OBC) | 0.371 (0.483) | 0.401 (0.49) | 0.03** | 0.38 (0.486) | 0.409 (0.492) | 0.029** |
Muslim | 0.165 (0.371) | 0.104 (0.305) | −0.061** | 0.149 (0.356) | 0.088 (0.284) | −0.061** |
Christian | 0.083 (0.276) | 0.032 (0.175) | −0.052** | 0.086 (0.281) | 0.03 (0.171) | −0.056** |
Sikh | 0.016 (0.124) | 0.024 (0.153) | 0.008** | 0.019 (0.135) | 0.029 (0.169) | 0.011** |
Wealth quintile 1 (poorest) | 0.234 (0.423) | 0.272 (0.445) | 0.038** | 0.214 (0.41) | 0.259 (0.438) | 0.045** |
Wealth quintile 2 | 0.257 (0.437) | 0.231 (0.422) | 0.026** | 0.254 (0.435) | 0.221 (0.415) | −0.034** |
Wealth quintile 3 | 0.219 (0.413) | 0.186 (0.389) | −0.033** | 0.227 (0.419) | 0.18 (0.384) | −0.047** |
Wealth quintile 4 | 0.175 (0.38) | 0.159 (0.366) | −0.016** | 0.177 (0.382) | 0.17 (0.376) | −0.007 |
Wealth quintile 5 (richest) | 0.115 (0.319) | 0.152 (0.359) | 0.037** | 0.127 (0.333) | 0.17 (0.376) | 0.043** |
Sample size | 66,994 | 32,936 | 9217 | 4497 | ||
