Table 3 Propensity score matching based estimates of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent outcomes in India.

From: The gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent literacy and schooling outcomes in India

 

15–17 years old girls

Sample size

15–17 years old boys

Sample size

Nearest neighbor PSM:

 Years of schooling completed

−0.104 (0.025)**

95,117

−0.116 (0.066)

12,799

 Currently out of school

−0.002 (0.004)

95,117

−0.016 (0.01)

12,799

 Out of school for marriage

−0.035 (0.005)**

25,794

 

 Out of school for employment

−0.036 (0.007)**

25,794

0.002 (0.022)

2964

 Out of school due to cost

0.056 (0.007)**

25,794

0.068 (0.019)**

2964

Three nearest neighbor PSM:

 Years of schooling completed

−0.088 (0.02)**

95,117

−0.095 (0.054)

12,799

 Currently out of school

−0.006 (0.003)

95,117

−0.024 (0.009)**

12,799

 Out of school for marriage

−0.039 (0.004)**

25,794

 

 Out of school for employment

−0.033 (0.006)**

25,794

0 (0.018)

2964

 Out of school due to cost

0.059 (0.006)**

25,794

0.055 (0.017)**

2964

IPW regression:

 Years of schooling completed

−0.084 (0.017)**

95,117

−0.097 (0.046)*

12,799

 Currently out of school

−0.005 (0.003)

95,117

−0.022 (0.008)**

12,799

 Out of school for marriage

−0.037 (0.003)**

25,794

 

 Out of school for employment

−0.032 (0.005)**

25,794

−0.004 (0.016)

2964

 Out of school due to cost

0.058 (0.005)**

25,794

0.052 (0.015)**

2964

  1. Data are from National Family Health Survey of India, 2019–2021 (NFHS-5). Standard errors are in the parenthesis. PSM denotes propensity score matching and IPW denotes inverse propensity score weighted regression. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.