Table 4 Model fit comparison tests, with the preferred model printed in bold.

From: The relationship of school performance with self-control and grit is strongly genetic and weakly causal

Model

Δdf

ΔLL

AIC

p value

ADE

  

105451.9

 

Causal ADE

4

155.8

105599.7

<0.001

ADE

  

105451.9

 

Causal ADE + A confounding

2

0.407

105448.3

0.815

ADE

  

105451.9

 

Causal ADE + E confounding

2

24.8

105472.7

<0.001

ADE

  

105451.9

 

Causal ADE + D confounding

2

38.4

105486.3

<0.001

  1. Δdf is the difference of degrees of freedom of the models, ΔLL is the difference in the minus 2 log-likelihood of the models, AIC is the Akaike information criterion. The preferred model is printed in bold.
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